This is the multi-page printable view of this section. Click here to print.

Return to the regular view of this page.

BiDirectional functionality

BiDirectional means that communication is happening in two directions simultaneously. The traditional WebDriver model involves strict request/response commands which only allows for communication to happen in one direction at any given time. In most cases this is what you want; it ensures that the browser is doing the expected things in the right order, but there are a number of interesting things that can be done with asynchronous interactions.

This functionality is currently available in a limited fashion with the [Chrome DevTools Protocol] (CDP), but to address some of its drawbacks, the Selenium team, along with the major browser vendors, have worked to create the new WebDriver BiDi Protocol. This specification aims to create a stable, cross-browser API that leverages bidirectional communication for enhanced browser automation and testing functionality, including streaming events from the user agent to the controlling software via WebSockets. Users will be able to listen for and record or manipulate events as they happen during the course of a Selenium session.

Enabling BiDi in Selenium

In order to use WebDriver BiDi, setting the capability in the browser options will enable the required functionality:

options.setCapability("webSocketUrl", true);
options.enable_bidi = True
UseWebSocketUrl = true,
options.web_socket_url = true
Options().enableBidi();
options.setCapability("webSocketUrl", true);

This enables the WebSocket connection for bidirectional communication, unlocking the full potential of the WebDriver BiDi protocol.

Note that Selenium is updating its entire implementation from WebDriver Classic to WebDriver BiDi (while maintaining backwards compatibility as much as possible), but this section of documentation focuses on the new functionality that bidirectional communication allows. The low-level BiDi domains will be accessible in the code to the end user, but the goal is to provide high-level APIs that are straightforward methods of real-world use cases. As such, the low-level components will not be documented, and this section will focus only on the user-friendly features that we encourage users to take advantage of.

If there is additional functionality you’d like to see, please raise a feature request.

1 - WebDriver BiDi Logging Features

These features are related to logging. Because “logging” can refer to so many different things, these methods are made available via a “script” namespace.

Remember that to use WebDriver BiDi, you must enable it in Options. For more details, see Enabling BiDi

Console Message Handlers

Record or take actions on console.log events.

Add Handler

Implementation Missing

    driver.script.add_console_message_handler(log_entries.append)

Implementation Missing

    log_entries = []

Implementation Missing

Implementation Missing

Remove Handler

You need to store the ID returned when adding the handler to delete it.

Implementation Missing

    id = driver.script.add_console_message_handler(log_entries.append)
    driver.script.remove_console_message_handler(id)

Implementation Missing

    log_entries = []

Implementation Missing

Implementation Missing

JavaScript Exception Handlers

Record or take actions on JavaScript exception events.

Add Handler

Implementation Missing

    driver.script.add_javascript_error_handler(log_entries.append)

Implementation Missing

    log_entries = []

Implementation Missing

Implementation Missing

Remove Handler

You need to store the ID returned when adding the handler to delete it.

Implementation Missing

    id = driver.script.add_javascript_error_handler(log_entries.append)
    driver.script.remove_javascript_error_handler(id)

Implementation Missing

    log_entries = []

Implementation Missing

Implementation Missing

2 - WebDriver BiDi Network Features

These features are related to networking, and are made available via a “network” namespace.

The implementation of these features is being tracked here: #13993

Remember that to use WebDriver BiDi, you must enable it in Options. For more details, see Enabling BiDi

Authentication Handlers

Request Handlers

Response Handlers

3 - WebDriver BiDi Script Features

These features are related to scripts, and are made available via a “script” namespace.

The implementation of these features is being tracked here: #13992

Remember that to use WebDriver BiDi, you must enable it in Options. For more details, see Enabling BiDi

Script Pinning

Execute Script

DOM Mutation Handlers

4 - Chrome DevTools Protocol

Examples of working with Chrome DevTools Protocol in Selenium. CDP support is temporary until WebDriver BiDi has been implemented.

Many browsers provide “DevTools” – a set of tools that are integrated with the browser that developers can use to debug web apps and explore the performance of their pages. Google Chrome’s DevTools make use of a protocol called the Chrome DevTools Protocol (or “CDP” for short). As the name suggests, this is not designed for testing, nor to have a stable API, so functionality is highly dependent on the version of the browser.

Selenium is working to implement a standards-based, cross-browser, stable alternative to CDP called [WebDriver BiDi]. Until the support for this new protocol has finished, Selenium plans to provide access to CDP features where applicable.

Using Chrome DevTools Protocol with Selenium

Chrome and Edge have a method to send basic CDP commands. This does not work for features that require bidirectional communication, and you need to know what domains to enable when and the exact names and types of domains/methods/parameters.

    Map<String, Object> cookie = new HashMap<>();
    cookie.put("name", "cheese");
    cookie.put("value", "gouda");
    cookie.put("domain", "www.selenium.dev");
    cookie.put("secure", true);
    ((HasCdp) driver).executeCdpCommand("Network.setCookie", cookie);
    cookie = {'name': 'cheese',
              'value': 'gouda',
              'domain': 'www.selenium.dev',
              'secure': True}

    driver.execute_cdp_cmd('Network.setCookie', cookie)
            var cookie = new Dictionary<string, object>
            {
                { "name", "cheese" },
                { "value", "gouda" },
                { "domain", "www.selenium.dev" },
                { "secure", true }
            };
            ((ChromeDriver)driver).ExecuteCdpCommand("Network.setCookie", cookie);
    driver.execute_cdp('Network.setCookie',
                       name: 'cheese',
                       value: 'gouda',
                       domain: 'www.selenium.dev',
                       secure: true)

Add Example

Add Example

To make working with CDP easier, and to provide access to the more advanced features, Selenium bindings automatically generate classes and methods for the most common domains. CDP methods and implementations can change from version to version, though, so you want to keep the version of Chrome and the version of DevTools matching. Selenium supports the 3 most recent versions of Chrome at any given time, and tries to time releases to ensure that access to the latest versions are available.

This limitation provides additional challenges for several bindings, where dynamically generated CDP support requires users to regularly update their code to reference the proper version of CDP. In some cases an idealized implementation has been created that should work for any version of CDP without the user needing to change their code, but that is not always available.

Examples of how to use CDP in your Selenium tests can be found on the following pages, but we want to call out a couple commonly cited examples that are of limited practical value.

  • Geo Location — almost all sites use the IP address to determine physical location, so setting an emulated geolocation rarely has the desired effect.
  • Overriding Device Metrics — Chrome provides a great API for setting Mobile Emulation in the Options classes, which is generally superior to attempting to do this with CDP.

4.1 - Chrome DevTools Logging Features

Logging features using CDP.

While Selenium 4 provides direct access to the Chrome DevTools Protocol, these methods will eventually be removed when WebDriver BiDi implemented.

Console Logs

    ((HasLogEvents) driver).onLogEvent(consoleEvent(e -> messages.add(e.getMessages().get(0))));
    async with driver.bidi_connection() as session:
        async with Log(driver, session).add_listener(Console.ALL) as messages:
            using IJavaScriptEngine monitor = new JavaScriptEngine(driver);
            var messages = new List<string>();
            monitor.JavaScriptConsoleApiCalled += (_, e) =>
            {
                messages.Add(e.MessageContent);
            };
            await monitor.StartEventMonitoring();
    driver.on_log_event(:console) { |log| logs << log.args.first }

Implementation Missing

Add Example

JavaScript Exceptions

Implementation Missing

    async with driver.bidi_connection() as session:
        async with Log(driver, session).add_js_error_listener() as messages:
            using IJavaScriptEngine monitor = new JavaScriptEngine(driver);
            var messages = new List<string>();
            monitor.JavaScriptExceptionThrown += (_, e) =>
            {
                messages.Add(e.Message);
            };
            await monitor.StartEventMonitoring();
    driver.on_log_event(:exception) { |exception| exceptions << exception }

Implementation Missing

Add Example

4.2 - Chrome DevTools Network Features

Network features using CDP.

While Selenium 4 provides direct access to the Chrome DevTools Protocol, these methods will eventually be removed when WebDriver BiDi implemented.

Basic authentication

Some applications make use of browser authentication to secure pages. It used to be common to handle them in the URL, but browsers stopped supporting this. With this code you can insert the credentials into the header when necessary

    Predicate<URI> uriPredicate = uri -> uri.toString().contains("herokuapp.com");
    Supplier<Credentials> authentication = UsernameAndPassword.of("admin", "admin");
    ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, authentication);
        credentials = base64.b64encode("admin:admin".encode()).decode()
        auth = {'authorization': 'Basic ' + credentials}
        await connection.session.execute(connection.devtools.network.set_extra_http_headers(Headers(auth)))
            var handler = new NetworkAuthenticationHandler()
            {
                UriMatcher = uri => uri.AbsoluteUri.Contains("herokuapp"),
                Credentials = new PasswordCredentials("admin", "admin")
            };
            var networkInterceptor = driver.Manage().Network;
            networkInterceptor.AddAuthenticationHandler(handler);
            await networkInterceptor.StartMonitoring();
    driver.register(username: 'admin',
                    password: 'admin',
                    uri: /herokuapp/)

Implementation Missing

Implementation Missing

Network Interception

Both requests and responses can be recorded or transformed.

Response information

    try (NetworkInterceptor ignored =
        new NetworkInterceptor(
            driver,
            (Filter)
                next ->
                    req -> {
                      HttpResponse res = next.execute(req);
                      contentType.add(res.getHeader("Content-Type"));
                      return res;
                    })) {

Implementation Missing

            INetwork networkInterceptor = driver.Manage().Network;
            networkInterceptor.NetworkResponseReceived += (_, e)  =>
            {
                contentType.Add(e.ResponseHeaders["content-type"]);
            };
            await networkInterceptor.StartMonitoring();
    driver.intercept do |request, &continue|
      continue.call(request) do |response|
        content_type << response.headers['content-type']
      end
    end

Implementation Missing

Add Example

Response transformation

    try (NetworkInterceptor ignored =
        new NetworkInterceptor(
            driver,
            Route.matching(req -> true)
                .to(
                    () ->
                        req ->
                            new HttpResponse()
                                .setStatus(200)
                                .addHeader("Content-Type", MediaType.HTML_UTF_8.toString())
                                .setContent(Contents.utf8String("Creamy, delicious cheese!"))))) {

Implementation Missing

            var handler = new NetworkResponseHandler()
            {
                ResponseMatcher = _ => true,
                ResponseTransformer = _ => new HttpResponseData
                {
                    StatusCode = 200,
                    Body = "Creamy, delicious cheese!"
                }
            };
            INetwork networkInterceptor = driver.Manage().Network;
            networkInterceptor.AddResponseHandler(handler);
            await networkInterceptor.StartMonitoring();
    driver.intercept do |request, &continue|
      continue.call(request) do |response|
        response.body = 'Creamy, delicious cheese!' if request.url.include?('blank')
      end
    end

Implementation Missing

Add Example

Request interception

    try (NetworkInterceptor ignored =
        new NetworkInterceptor(
            driver,
            (Filter)
                next ->
                    req -> {
                      if (req.getUri().contains("one.js")) {
                        req =
                            new HttpRequest(
                                HttpMethod.GET, req.getUri().replace("one.js", "two.js"));
                      }
                      completed.set(true);
                      return next.execute(req);
                    })) {

Implementation Missing

            var handler = new NetworkRequestHandler
            {
                RequestMatcher = request => request.Url.Contains("one.js"),
                RequestTransformer = request =>
                {
                    request.Url = request.Url.Replace("one", "two");

                    return request;
                }
            };
            INetwork networkInterceptor = driver.Manage().Network;
            networkInterceptor.AddRequestHandler(handler);
            await networkInterceptor.StartMonitoring();
    driver.intercept do |request, &continue|
      uri = URI(request.url)
      request.url = uri.to_s.gsub('one', 'two') if uri.path&.end_with?('one.js')
      continue.call(request)
    end

Implementation Missing

Add Example

Performance Metrics

    devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty()));
    List<Metric> metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics());
    async with driver.bidi_connection() as connection:
        await connection.session.execute(connection.devtools.performance.enable())
        metric_list = await connection.session.execute(connection.devtools.performance.get_metrics())
            await domains.Performance.Enable(new OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V137.Performance.EnableCommandSettings());
            var metricsResponse =
                await session.SendCommand<GetMetricsCommandSettings, GetMetricsCommandResponse>(
                    new GetMetricsCommandSettings()
                );
    driver.devtools.performance.enable
    metric_list = driver.devtools.performance.get_metrics.dig('result', 'metrics')

Implementation Missing

Add Example

Setting Cookies

    devTools.send(
            Network.setCookie(
                    "cheese",
                    "gouda",
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.of("www.selenium.dev"),
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.of(true),
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.empty()));
    async with driver.bidi_connection() as connection:
        execution = connection.devtools.network.set_cookie(
            name="cheese",
            value="gouda",
            domain="www.selenium.dev",
            secure=True
        )
        await connection.session.execute(execution)
            var cookieCommandSettings = new SetCookieCommandSettings
            {
                Name = "cheese",
                Value = "gouda",
                Domain = "www.selenium.dev",
                Secure = true
            };
            await domains.Network.SetCookie(cookieCommandSettings);
    driver.devtools.network.set_cookie(name: 'cheese',
                                       value: 'gouda',
                                       domain: 'www.selenium.dev',
                                       secure: true)

Implementation Missing

Add Example

Waiting for Downloads

    devTools.send(
            Browser.setDownloadBehavior(
                    Browser.SetDownloadBehaviorBehavior.ALLOWANDNAME,
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.of(""),
                    Optional.of(true)));

Implementation Missing

Implementation Missing

    driver.devtools.browser.set_download_behavior(behavior: 'allow',
                                                  download_path: '',
                                                  events_enabled: true)

    driver.devtools.browser.on(:download_progress) do |progress|
      @completed = progress['state'] == 'completed'
    end

Implementation Missing

Add Example

4.3 - Chrome DevTools Script Features

Script features using CDP.

While Selenium 4 provides direct access to the Chrome DevTools Protocol, these methods will eventually be removed when WebDriver BiDi implemented.

Script Pinning

    ScriptKey key = ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).pin("return arguments;");
    List<Object> arguments =
        (List<Object>) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(key, 1, true, element);

Implementation Missing

            var key = await new JavaScriptEngine(driver).PinScript("return arguments;");
            var arguments = ((WebDriver)driver).ExecuteScript(key, 1, true, element);
    key = driver.pin_script('return arguments;')
    arguments = driver.execute_script(key, 1, true, element)

Implementation Missing

Add Example

DOM Mutation Handlers

    async with driver.bidi_connection() as session:
        async with Log(driver, session).mutation_events() as event:
            using IJavaScriptEngine monitor = new JavaScriptEngine(driver);
            monitor.DomMutated += (_, e) =>
            {
                var locator = By.CssSelector($"*[data-__webdriver_id='{e.AttributeData.TargetId}']");
                mutations.Add(driver.FindElement(locator));
            };
            await monitor.StartEventMonitoring();
            await monitor.EnableDomMutationMonitoring();
    driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations << mutation.element }

Implementation Missing

Add Example

5 - BiDirectional API (W3C compliant)

Examples of working with Chrome DevTools Protocol in Selenium. CDP support is temporary until WebDriver BiDi has been implemented.

The following list of APIs will be growing as the WebDriver BiDirectional Protocol grows and browser vendors implement the same. Additionally, Selenium will try to support real-world use cases that internally use a combination of W3C BiDi protocol APIs.

If there is additional functionality you’d like to see, please raise a feature request.

5.1 - Browsing Context

Commands

This section contains the APIs related to browsing context commands.

Open a new window

Creates a new browsing context in a new window.

Selenium v4.8

    void testCreateAWindow() {
        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.WINDOW);
        Assertions.assertNotNull(browsingContext.getId());
    }

Add Example

Selenium v4.8

    const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
      type: 'window',
    })

Add Example

Open a new tab

Creates a new browsing context in a new tab.

Selenium v4.8


        NavigationResult info = browsingContext.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html");

        Assertions.assertNotNull(browsingContext.getId());

Add Example

Selenium v4.8

    const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
      type: 'tab',
    })

Add Example

Use existing window handle

Creates a browsing context for the existing tab/window to run commands.

Selenium v4.8

    void testCreateABrowsingContextForGivenId() {
        String id = driver.getWindowHandle();
        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, id);
        Assertions.assertEquals(id, browsingContext.getId());
    }

Add Example

Selenium v4.8

    const id = await driver.getWindowHandle()
    const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
      browsingContextId: id,
    })

Add Example

Open a window with a reference browsing context

A reference browsing context is a top-level browsing context. The API allows to pass the reference browsing context, which is used to create a new window. The implementation is operating system specific.

Selenium v4.8

    void testCreateATab() {
        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.TAB);
        Assertions.assertNotNull(browsingContext.getId());
    }

    @Test

Add Example

Selenium v4.8

    const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
      type: 'window',
      referenceContext: await driver.getWindowHandle(),
    })

Add Example

Open a tab with a reference browsing context

A reference browsing context is a top-level browsing context. The API allows to pass the reference browsing context, which is used to create a new tab. The implementation is operating system specific.

Selenium v4.8

    }

    @Test
    void testNavigateToAUrlWithReadinessState() {
        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.TAB);

Add Example

Selenium v4.8

    const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
      type: 'tab',
      referenceContext: await driver.getWindowHandle(),
    })

Add Example

Selenium v4.8


        Assertions.assertNotNull(browsingContext.getId());
        Assertions.assertNotNull(info.getNavigationId());
        Assertions.assertTrue(info.getUrl().contains("/bidi/logEntryAdded.html"));
    }

    @Test
    void testGetTreeWithAChild() {
        String referenceContextId = driver.getWindowHandle();

Add Example

Selenium v4.8

    let info = await browsingContext.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html')

Add Example

Selenium v4.8

        parentWindow.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/iframes.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

        List<BrowsingContextInfo> contextInfoList = parentWindow.getTree();

        Assertions.assertEquals(1, contextInfoList.size());
        BrowsingContextInfo info = contextInfoList.get(0);
        Assertions.assertEquals(1, info.getChildren().size());
        Assertions.assertEquals(referenceContextId, info.getId());
        Assertions.assertTrue(info.getChildren().get(0).getUrl().contains("formPage.html"));
    }

Add Example

Selenium v4.8

    const info = await browsingContext.navigate(
      'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html',
      'complete'
    )

Add Example

Get browsing context tree

Provides a tree of all browsing contexts descending from the parent browsing context, including the parent browsing context.

Selenium v4.8

    void testGetTreeWithDepth() {
        String referenceContextId = driver.getWindowHandle();
        BrowsingContext parentWindow = new BrowsingContext(driver, referenceContextId);

        parentWindow.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/iframes.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

        List<BrowsingContextInfo> contextInfoList = parentWindow.getTree(0);

        Assertions.assertEquals(1, contextInfoList.size());
        BrowsingContextInfo info = contextInfoList.get(0);
        Assertions.assertNull(info.getChildren()); // since depth is 0
        Assertions.assertEquals(referenceContextId, info.getId());
    }

Add Example

Selenium v4.8

    const browsingContextId = await driver.getWindowHandle()
    const parentWindow = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
      browsingContextId: browsingContextId,
    })
    await parentWindow.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/iframes.html', 'complete')

    const contextInfo = await parentWindow.getTree()

Add Example

Get browsing context tree with depth

Provides a tree of all browsing contexts descending from the parent browsing context, including the parent browsing context upto the depth value passed.

Selenium v4.8

        BrowsingContext window1 = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
        BrowsingContext window2 = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.WINDOW);

        List<BrowsingContextInfo> contextInfoList = window1.getTopLevelContexts();

        Assertions.assertEquals(2, contextInfoList.size());
    }

    @Test
    void testCloseAWindow() {
        BrowsingContext window1 = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.WINDOW);
        BrowsingContext window2 = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.WINDOW);

Add Example

Selenium v4.8

    const browsingContextId = await driver.getWindowHandle()
    const parentWindow = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
      browsingContextId: browsingContextId,
    })
    await parentWindow.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/iframes.html', 'complete')

    const contextInfo = await parentWindow.getTree(0)

Add Example

Get All Top level browsing contexts

Selenium v4.8

        Assertions.assertThrows(BiDiException.class, window2::getTree);
    }

    @Test
    void testCloseATab() {
        BrowsingContext tab1 = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.TAB);
        BrowsingContext tab2 = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.TAB);

Add Example

Selenium v4.20.0

    const id = await driver.getWindowHandle()
    const window1 = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
      browsingContextId: id,
    })
    await BrowsingContext(driver, { type: 'window' })
    const res = await window1.getTopLevelContexts()

Add Example

Close a tab/window

Selenium v4.8

        Assertions.assertThrows(BiDiException.class, tab2::getTree);
    }

    @Test
    void testActivateABrowsingContext() {
        BrowsingContext window1 = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
        BrowsingContext window2 = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.WINDOW);

        window1.activate();

        boolean isFocused = (boolean) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("return document.hasFocus();");

        Assertions.assertTrue(isFocused);
    }

    @Test
    void testReloadABrowsingContext() {
        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.TAB);

Add Example

Selenium v4.8

    const window1 = await BrowsingContext(driver, {type: 'window'})
    const window2 = await BrowsingContext(driver, {type: 'window'})

    await window2.close()

Add Example

Activate a browsing context

Selenium v4.14.1

        NavigationResult reloadInfo = browsingContext.reload(ReadinessState.INTERACTIVE);

        Assertions.assertNotNull(reloadInfo.getNavigationId());
        Assertions.assertTrue(reloadInfo.getUrl().contains("/bidi/logEntryAdded.html"));
    }

Add Example

Selenium v4.15

    const window1 = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
      browsingContextId: id,
    })
    await window1.activate()

Add Example

Reload a browsing context

Selenium v4.13.0

        driver.findElement(By.id("alert")).click();

        browsingContext.handleUserPrompt();

        Assertions.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("Testing Alerts and Stuff"));

Add Example

Selenium v4.15

    await browsingContext.reload(undefined, 'complete')

Add Example

Handle user prompt

Selenium v4.13.0

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/alerts.html");

        driver.findElement(By.id("prompt-with-default")).click();

        String userText = "Selenium automates browsers";
        browsingContext.handleUserPrompt(false, userText);

        Assertions.assertFalse(driver.getPageSource().contains(userText));
    }

Add Example

Selenium v4.15

    await browsingContext.handleUserPrompt(true, userText)

Add Example

Capture Screenshot

Selenium v4.13.0

        Rectangle elementRectangle = element.getRect();

        String screenshot =
                browsingContext.captureBoxScreenshot(
                        elementRectangle.getX(), elementRectangle.getY(), 5, 5);

Add Example

Selenium v4.15

    const response = await browsingContext.captureScreenshot()

Add Example

Capture Viewport Screenshot

Selenium v4.14.0

        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/formPage.html");
        WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("checky"));

        String screenshot = browsingContext.captureElementScreenshot(((RemoteWebElement) element).getId());

        Assertions.assertTrue(screenshot.length() > 0);
    }

Add Example

Selenium v4.15

    const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
      browsingContextId: id,
    })

    const response = await browsingContext.captureBoxScreenshot(5, 5, 10, 10)

Add Example

Capture Element Screenshot

Selenium v4.14.0


        List<Long> newViewportSize =
                (List<Long>)
                        ((JavascriptExecutor) driver)
                                .executeScript("return [window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight];");

Add Example

Selenium v4.15

    const response = await browsingContext.captureElementScreenshot(elementId)

Add Example

Set Viewport

Selenium v4.14.1

        PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions();

        String printPage = browsingContext.print(printOptions);

Add Example

Selenium v4.15

    await browsingContext.setViewport(250, 300)

Add Example

Print page

Selenium v4.14.1

        wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("imageButton"))).submit();
        wait.until(titleIs("We Arrive Here"));

        browsingContext.back();
        Assertions.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("We Leave From Here"));
    }

Add Example

Selenium v4.10

    const result = await browsingContext.printPage({
      orientation: 'landscape',
      scale: 1,
      background: true,
      width: 30,
      height: 30,
      top: 1,
      bottom: 1,
      left: 1,
      right: 1,
      shrinkToFit: true,
      pageRanges: ['1-2'],
    })

Add Example

Selenium v4.16.0

        wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("imageButton"))).submit();
        wait.until(titleIs("We Arrive Here"));

        browsingContext.back();
        Assertions.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("We Leave From Here"));

        browsingContext.forward();

Add Example

Selenium v4.17

    await browsingContext.back()

Add Example

Selenium v4.16.0

    void canTraverseBrowserHistory() {
        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
        browsingContext.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/formPage.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

        wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("imageButton"))).submit();
        wait.until(titleIs("We Arrive Here"));

        browsingContext.traverseHistory(-1);
        Assertions.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("We Leave From Here"));
    }
}

Add Example

Selenium v4.17

    await browsingContext.forward()

Add Example

Traverse history

Selenium v4.16.0

Add Example

Selenium v4.17

    await browsingContext.traverseHistory(-1)

Add Example

Events

This section contains the APIs related to browsing context events.

Browsing Context Created Event

Selenium v4.10

    try (BrowsingContextInspector inspector = new BrowsingContextInspector(driver)) {
        CompletableFuture<BrowsingContextInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();

        inspector.onBrowsingContextCreated(future::complete);

        String windowHandle = driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW).getWindowHandle();

        BrowsingContextInfo browsingContextInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Add Example

Selenium v4.9.2

    const browsingContextInspector = await BrowsingContextInspector(driver)
    await browsingContextInspector.onBrowsingContextCreated((entry) => {
      contextInfo = entry
    })

    await driver.switchTo().newWindow('window')

Add Example

Dom Content loaded Event

Selenium v4.10

            String windowHandle = driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB).getWindowHandle();

            BrowsingContextInfo browsingContextInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

            Assertions.assertEquals(windowHandle, browsingContextInfo.getId());
        }
    }

    @Test
    void canListenToDomContentLoadedEvent()

Add Example

Selenium v4.9.2

    const browsingContextInspector = await BrowsingContextInspector(driver)
    let navigationInfo = null
    await browsingContextInspector.onDomContentLoaded((entry) => {
      navigationInfo = entry
    })

    const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
      browsingContextId: await driver.getWindowHandle(),
    })
    await browsingContext.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html', 'complete')

Add Example

Browsing Context Loaded Event

Selenium v4.10

        try (BrowsingContextInspector inspector = new BrowsingContextInspector(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<NavigationInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            inspector.onBrowsingContextLoaded(future::complete);

            BrowsingContext context = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
            context.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

            NavigationInfo navigationInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Add Example

Selenium v4.9.2

    const browsingContextInspector = await BrowsingContextInspector(driver)

    await browsingContextInspector.onBrowsingContextLoaded((entry) => {
      navigationInfo = entry
    })
    const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
      browsingContextId: await driver.getWindowHandle(),
    })
    await browsingContext.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html', 'complete')

Add Example

Selenium v4.15

        try (BrowsingContextInspector inspector = new BrowsingContextInspector(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<NavigationInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            inspector.onNavigationStarted(future::complete);

            BrowsingContext context = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
            context.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

            NavigationInfo navigationInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Add Example

Add Example

Add Example

Fragment Navigated Event

Selenium v4.15

        try (BrowsingContextInspector inspector = new BrowsingContextInspector(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<NavigationInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();

            BrowsingContext context = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
            context.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/linked_image.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

            inspector.onFragmentNavigated(future::complete);

            context.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/linked_image.html#linkToAnchorOnThisPage", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

            NavigationInfo navigationInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Add Example

Selenium v4.15.0

    const browsingContextInspector = await BrowsingContextInspector(driver)

    const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
      browsingContextId: await driver.getWindowHandle(),
    })
    await browsingContext.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/linked_image.html', 'complete')

    await browsingContextInspector.onFragmentNavigated((entry) => {
      navigationInfo = entry
    })

    await browsingContext.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/linked_image.html#linkToAnchorOnThisPage', 'complete')

Add Example

User Prompt Opened Event

Selenium v4.15

        try (BrowsingContextInspector inspector = new BrowsingContextInspector(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<NavigationInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();

            BrowsingContext context = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
            context.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/linked_image.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

            inspector.onFragmentNavigated(future::complete);

            context.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/linked_image.html#linkToAnchorOnThisPage", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

            NavigationInfo navigationInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Add Example

Add Example

Add Example

User Prompt Closed Event

Selenium v4.15

        try (BrowsingContextInspector inspector = new BrowsingContextInspector(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<UserPromptClosed> future = new CompletableFuture<>();

            BrowsingContext context = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
            inspector.onUserPromptClosed(future::complete);

            driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/alerts.html");

            driver.findElement(By.id("prompt")).click();

            context.handleUserPrompt(true, "selenium");

            UserPromptClosed userPromptClosed = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            Assertions.assertEquals(context.getId(), userPromptClosed.getBrowsingContextId());

Add Example

Add Example

Add Example

Browsing Context Destroyed Event

Selenium v4.18

        try (BrowsingContextInspector inspector = new BrowsingContextInspector(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<BrowsingContextInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();

            inspector.onBrowsingContextDestroyed(future::complete);

            String windowHandle = driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW).getWindowHandle();

            driver.close();

            BrowsingContextInfo browsingContextInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

            Assertions.assertEquals(windowHandle, browsingContextInfo.getId());

Add Example

Selenium v4.18.0

    const browsingContextInspector = await BrowsingContextInspector(driver)
    await browsingContextInspector.onBrowsingContextDestroyed((entry) => {
      contextInfo = entry
    })

    await driver.switchTo().newWindow('window')

    const windowHandle = await driver.getWindowHandle()
    await driver.close()

Add Example

5.2 - Input

This section contains the APIs related to input commands.

Perform Actions

Selenium v4.17

        Actions selectThreeOptions =
                actions.click(options.get(1)).keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).click(options.get(3)).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT);

        input.perform(windowHandle, selectThreeOptions.getSequences());

Add Example

Selenium v4.17

    const actions = driver.actions().click(options[1]).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).click(options[3]).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).getSequences()

    await input.perform(browsingContextId, actions)

Add Example

Release Actions

Selenium v4.17

        Actions sendLowercase =
                new Actions(driver).keyDown(inputTextBox, "a").keyDown(inputTextBox, "b");

        input.perform(windowHandle, sendLowercase.getSequences());
        ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("resetEvents()");

        input.release(windowHandle);

Add Example

Selenium v4.17

    await input.release(browsingContextId)

Add Example

5.3 - Log

This section contains the APIs related to logging.

Console logs

Listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.

Selenium v4.8

            CompletableFuture<ConsoleLogEntry> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            logInspector.onConsoleEntry(future::complete);

            driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html");
            driver.findElement(By.id("consoleLog")).click();

            ConsoleLogEntry logEntry = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Add Example

    const inspector = await LogInspector(driver)
    await inspector.onConsoleEntry(function (log) {
      logEntry = log
    })

    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html')
    await driver.findElement({id: 'consoleLog'}).click()

    assert.equal(logEntry.text, 'Hello, world!')
    assert.equal(logEntry.realm, null)
    assert.equal(logEntry.type, 'console')
    assert.equal(logEntry.level, 'info')
    assert.equal(logEntry.method, 'log')
    assert.equal(logEntry.stackTrace, null)
    assert.equal(logEntry.args.length, 1)

Add Example

JavaScript exceptions

Listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.

            logInspector.onJavaScriptException(future::complete);

            driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html");
            driver.findElement(By.id("jsException")).click();

            JavascriptLogEntry logEntry = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Add Example

    const inspector = await LogInspector(driver)
    await inspector.onJavascriptException(function (log) {
      logEntry = log
    })

    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html')
    await driver.findElement({id: 'jsException'}).click()

    assert.equal(logEntry.text, 'Error: Not working')
    assert.equal(logEntry.type, 'javascript')
    assert.equal(logEntry.level, 'error')

Add Example

Listen to JS Logs

Listen to all JS logs at all levels and register callbacks to process the log.

Selenium v4.8

            logInspector.onJavaScriptLog(future::complete);

            driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html");
            driver.findElement(By.id("jsException")).click();

            JavascriptLogEntry logEntry = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Add Example

Add Example

Add Example

5.4 - Network

Commands

This section contains the APIs related to network commands.

Add network intercept

Selenium v4.18

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            String intercept =
                    network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.BEFORE_REQUEST_SENT));

Add Example

Selenium v4.18

    const intercept = await network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.BEFORE_REQUEST_SENT))

Add Example

Remove network intercept

Selenium v4.18

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            String intercept =
                    network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.BEFORE_REQUEST_SENT));
            Assertions.assertNotNull(intercept);
            network.removeIntercept(intercept);

Add Example

Selenium v4.18

    const network = await Network(driver)
    const intercept = await network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.BEFORE_REQUEST_SENT))

Add Example

Continue request blocked at authRequired phase with credentials

Selenium v4.18

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.AUTH_REQUIRED));
            network.onAuthRequired(
                    responseDetails ->
                            network.continueWithAuth(
                                    responseDetails.getRequest().getRequestId(),
                                    new UsernameAndPassword("admin", "admin")));
            driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/basic_auth");

Add Example

Selenium v4.18

    await network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.AUTH_REQUIRED))

    await network.authRequired(async (event) => {
      await network.continueWithAuth(event.request.request, 'admin','admin')
    })

Add Example

Continue request blocked at authRequired phase without credentials

Selenium v4.18

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.AUTH_REQUIRED));
            network.onAuthRequired(
                    responseDetails ->
                            // Does not handle the alert
                            network.continueWithAuthNoCredentials(responseDetails.getRequest().getRequestId()));
            driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/basic_auth");

Add Example

Selenium v4.18

    await network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.AUTH_REQUIRED))

    await network.authRequired(async (event) => {
      await network.continueWithAuthNoCredentials(event.request.request)
    })

Add Example

Cancel request blocked at authRequired phase

Selenium v4.18

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.AUTH_REQUIRED));
            network.onAuthRequired(
                    responseDetails ->
                            // Does not handle the alert
                            network.cancelAuth(responseDetails.getRequest().getRequestId()));
            driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/basic_auth");

Add Example

Selenium v4.18

    await network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.AUTH_REQUIRED))

    await network.authRequired(async (event) => {
      await network.cancelAuth(event.request.request)
    })

Add Example

Fail request

Selenium v4.18

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.BEFORE_REQUEST_SENT));
            network.onBeforeRequestSent(
                    responseDetails -> network.failRequest(responseDetails.getRequest().getRequestId()));
            driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.of(5, ChronoUnit.SECONDS));

Add Example

Add Example

Add Example

Events

This section contains the APIs related to network events.

Before Request Sent

Selenium v4.15

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<BeforeRequestSent> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            network.onBeforeRequestSent(future::complete);
            driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html");

            BeforeRequestSent requestSent = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Add Example

Selenium v4.18

    let beforeRequestEvent = []
    const network = await Network(driver)
    await network.beforeRequestSent(function (event) {
      beforeRequestEvent.push(event)
    })

    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html')

Add Example

Response Started

Selenium v4.15

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<ResponseDetails> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            network.onResponseStarted(future::complete);
            driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html");

            ResponseDetails response = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            String windowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();

Add Example

Selenium v4.18

    let onResponseStarted = []
    const network = await Network(driver)
    await network.responseStarted(function (event) {
      onResponseStarted.push(event)
    })

    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html')

Add Example

Response Completed

Selenium v4.15

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<ResponseDetails> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            network.onResponseCompleted(future::complete);
            driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html");

            ResponseDetails response = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            String windowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();

Add Example

Selenium v4.18

    let onResponseCompleted = []
    const network = await Network(driver)
    await network.responseCompleted(function (event) {
      onResponseCompleted.push(event)
    })

    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html')

Add Example

Auth Required

Selenium v4.17

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<ResponseDetails> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            network.onAuthRequired(future::complete);
            driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/basic_auth");

            ResponseDetails response = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Add Example

Add Example

Add Example

5.5 - Script

Commands

This section contains the APIs related to script commands.

Call function in a browsing context

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(id, driver)) {
            List<LocalValue> arguments = new ArrayList<>();
            arguments.add(PrimitiveProtocolValue.numberValue(22));

            Map<Object, LocalValue> value = new HashMap<>();
            value.put("some_property", LocalValue.numberValue(42));
            LocalValue thisParameter = LocalValue.objectValue(value);

            arguments.add(thisParameter);

            EvaluateResult result =
                    script.callFunctionInBrowsingContext(
                            id,
                            "function processWithPromise(argument) {\n"
                                    + "  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n"
                                    + "    setTimeout(() => {\n"
                                    + "      resolve(argument + this.some_property);\n"
                                    + "    }, 1000)\n"
                                    + "  })\n"
                                    + "}",
                            true,
                            Optional.of(arguments),
                            Optional.of(thisParameter),
                            Optional.of(ResultOwnership.ROOT));

Add Example

Selenium v4.9

    const manager = await ScriptManager(id, driver)

    let argumentValues = []
    let value = new ArgumentValue(LocalValue.createNumberValue(22))
    argumentValues.push(value)

    let mapValue = {some_property: LocalValue.createNumberValue(42)}
    let thisParameter = new ArgumentValue(LocalValue.createObjectValue(mapValue)).asMap()

    const result = await manager.callFunctionInBrowsingContext(
      id,
      'function processWithPromise(argument) {' +
      'return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {' +
      'setTimeout(() => {' +
      'resolve(argument + this.some_property);' +
      '}, 1000)' +
      '})' +
      '}',
      true,
      argumentValues,
      thisParameter,
      ResultOwnership.ROOT)

Add Example

Call function in a sandbox

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(id, driver)) {
            EvaluateResult result =
                    script.callFunctionInBrowsingContext(
                            id,
                            "sandbox",
                            "() => window.foo",
                            true,
                            Optional.empty(),
                            Optional.empty(),
                            Optional.empty());

Add Example

Selenium v4.9

    const manager = await ScriptManager(id, driver)

    await manager.callFunctionInBrowsingContext(id, '() => { window.foo = 2; }', true, null, null, null, 'sandbox')

Add Example

Call function in a realm

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(tab, driver)) {
            List<RealmInfo> realms = script.getAllRealms();
            String realmId = realms.get(0).getRealmId();

            EvaluateResult result = script.callFunctionInRealm(
                    realmId,
                    "() => { window.foo = 3; }",
                    true,
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.empty());

Add Example

Selenium v4.9

    const manager = await ScriptManager(firstTab, driver)

    const realms = await manager.getAllRealms()
    const realmId = realms[0].realmId

    await manager.callFunctionInRealm(realmId, '() => { window.foo = 3; }', true)

Add Example

Evaluate script in a browsing context

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(id, driver)) {
            EvaluateResult result =
                    script.evaluateFunctionInBrowsingContext(id, "1 + 2", true, Optional.empty());

Add Example

Selenium v4.9

    const manager = await ScriptManager(id, driver)

    const result = await manager.evaluateFunctionInBrowsingContext(id, '1 + 2', true)

Add Example

Evaluate script in a sandbox

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(id, driver)) {
            EvaluateResult result =
                    script.evaluateFunctionInBrowsingContext(
                            id, "sandbox", "window.foo", true, Optional.empty());

Add Example

Selenium v4.9

    const manager = await ScriptManager(id, driver)

    await manager.evaluateFunctionInBrowsingContext(id, 'window.foo = 2', true, null, 'sandbox')

    const resultInSandbox = await manager.evaluateFunctionInBrowsingContext(id, 'window.foo', true, null, 'sandbox')

Add Example

Evaluate script in a realm

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(tab, driver)) {
            List<RealmInfo> realms = script.getAllRealms();
            String realmId = realms.get(0).getRealmId();

            EvaluateResult result =
                    script.evaluateFunctionInRealm(
                            realmId, "window.foo", true, Optional.empty());

Add Example

Selenium v4.9

    const manager = await ScriptManager(firstTab, driver)

    const realms = await manager.getAllRealms()
    const realmId = realms[0].realmId

    await manager.evaluateFunctionInRealm(realmId, 'window.foo = 3', true)

    const result = await manager.evaluateFunctionInRealm(realmId, 'window.foo', true)

Add Example

Disown handles in a browsing context

Selenium v4.15

            script.disownBrowsingContextScript(

Add Example

Selenium v4.9

    await manager.disownBrowsingContextScript(id, boxId)

Add Example

Disown handles in a realm

Selenium v4.15

            script.disownRealmScript(realmId, List.of(boxId));

Add Example

Selenium v4.9

    await manager.disownRealmScript(realmId, boxId)

Add Example

Get all realms

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(firstWindow, driver)) {
            List<RealmInfo> realms = script.getAllRealms();

Add Example

Selenium v4.9

    const manager = await ScriptManager(firstWindow, driver)

    const realms = await manager.getAllRealms()

Add Example

Get realm by type

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(firstWindow, driver)) {
            List<RealmInfo> realms = script.getRealmsByType(RealmType.WINDOW);

Add Example

Selenium v4.9

    const manager = await ScriptManager(firstWindow, driver)

    const realms = await manager.getRealmsByType(RealmType.WINDOW)

Add Example

Get browsing context realms

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(windowId, driver)) {
            List<RealmInfo> realms = script.getRealmsInBrowsingContext(tabId);

Add Example

Selenium v4.9

    const manager = await ScriptManager(windowId, driver)

    const realms = await manager.getRealmsInBrowsingContext(tabId)

Add Example

Get browsing context realms by type

Selenium v4.15

            List<RealmInfo> windowRealms =
                    script.getRealmsInBrowsingContextByType(windowId, RealmType.WINDOW);

Add Example

Selenium v4.9

    const realms = await manager.getRealmsInBrowsingContextByType(windowId, RealmType.WINDOW)

Add Example

Preload a script

Selenium v4.15

            String id = script.addPreloadScript("() => { window.bar=2; }", "sandbox");

Add Example

Selenium v4.10

    const manager = await ScriptManager(id, driver)

    const scriptId = await manager.addPreloadScript('() => {{ console.log(\'{preload_script_console_text}\') }}')

Add Example

Remove a preloaded script

Selenium v4.15

                script.removePreloadScript(id);

Add Example

Selenium v4.10

    await manager.removePreloadScript(scriptId)

Add Example

Events

This section contains the APIs related to script events.

Message

Selenium v4.16

        try (Script script = new Script(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<Message> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            script.onMessage(future::complete);

            script.callFunctionInBrowsingContext(
                    driver.getWindowHandle(),
                    "(channel) => channel('foo')",
                    false,
                    Optional.of(List.of(LocalValue.channelValue("channel_name"))),
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.empty());

            Message message = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            Assertions.assertEquals("channel_name", message.getChannel());
        }

Add Example

Selenium v4.18

    const manager = await ScriptManager(undefined, driver)

    let message = null

    await manager.onMessage((m) => {
      message = m
    })

    let argumentValues = []
    let value = new ArgumentValue(LocalValue.createChannelValue(new ChannelValue('channel_name')))
    argumentValues.push(value)

    const result = await manager.callFunctionInBrowsingContext(
      await driver.getWindowHandle(),
      '(channel) => channel("foo")',
      false,
      argumentValues,
    )

Add Example

Realm Created

Selenium v4.16

        try (Script script = new Script(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<RealmInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            script.onRealmCreated(future::complete);

            BrowsingContext context = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());

            context.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/blankPage");
            RealmInfo realmInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            Assertions.assertNotNull(realmInfo.getRealmId());
            Assertions.assertEquals(RealmType.WINDOW, realmInfo.getRealmType());
        }

Add Example

Selenium v4.18

    const manager = await ScriptManager(undefined, driver)

    let realmInfo = null

    await manager.onRealmCreated((result) => {
      realmInfo = result
    })

    const id = await driver.getWindowHandle()
    const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
      browsingContextId: id,
    })

    await browsingContext.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank', 'complete')

Add Example

Realm Destroyed

Selenium v4.16

        try (Script script = new Script(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<RealmInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            script.onRealmDestroyed(future::complete);

            BrowsingContext context = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());

            context.close();
            RealmInfo realmInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            Assertions.assertNotNull(realmInfo.getRealmId());
            Assertions.assertEquals(RealmType.WINDOW, realmInfo.getRealmType());
        }

Add Example

Selenium v4.19

    const manager = await ScriptManager(undefined, driver)

    let realmInfo = null

    await manager.onRealmDestroyed((result) => {
      realmInfo = result
    })

    const id = await driver.getWindowHandle()
    const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
      browsingContextId: id,
    })

    await browsingContext.close()

Add Example